[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/jak-a-kde-prezivaji-zimu-zvirata\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/jak-a-kde-prezivaji-zimu-zvirata\/","headline":"Jak a kde p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zimu zv\u00ed\u0159ata?","name":"Jak a kde p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zimu zv\u00ed\u0159ata?","description":"Zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0severn\u011bji polo\u017een\u00fdch oblastech ne\u017e je n\u00e1\u0161 m\u00edrn\u00fd podnebn\u00fd p\u00e1s, se museli p\u0159izp\u016fsobit podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 tam panuj\u00ed. Jejich t\u011bla jsou jinak tvarovan\u00e1, maj\u00ed hust\u0161\u00ed srst a mnoho z\u00a0nich uleh\u00e1 k\u00a0zimn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed savci jsou schopni nejen p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0ledov\u00e9 vod\u011b, ale dokonce se jim","datePublished":"2025-02-27","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"eldo-cl.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b1978a802e1d2522476d4f1a954a19e989b74ba84b3e15a182efb651cc75097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b1978a802e1d2522476d4f1a954a19e989b74ba84b3e15a182efb651cc75097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"eldo-cl.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a305751_w1707_t1517217393.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a305751_w1707_t1517217393.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/jak-a-kde-prezivaji-zimu-zvirata\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":578,"articleBody":"Zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0severn\u011bji polo\u017een\u00fdch oblastech ne\u017e je n\u00e1\u0161 m\u00edrn\u00fd podnebn\u00fd p\u00e1s, se museli p\u0159izp\u016fsobit podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 tam panuj\u00ed. Jejich t\u011bla jsou jinak tvarovan\u00e1, maj\u00ed hust\u0161\u00ed srst a mnoho z\u00a0nich uleh\u00e1 k\u00a0zimn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed savci jsou schopni nejen p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0ledov\u00e9 vod\u011b, ale dokonce se jim v\u00a0takov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dob\u0159e da\u0159\u00ed!Jak se odli\u0161uj\u00ed t\u011bla zv\u00ed\u0159at \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na severu?Severn\u011bji \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata maj\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed nohy, \u010denich, u\u0161i i ocas ne\u017e druhy \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0teplej\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edch. Pro\u010d tomu tak je? \u00da\u010delem t\u00e9to adaptace je omezen\u00ed tepeln\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch t\u011bla. Pokud byste mezi sebou porovn\u00e1vali nap\u0159\u00edklad vlka evropsk\u00e9ho a vlka arktick\u00e9ho, zjistili byste, \u017ee vlk arktick\u00fd m\u00e1 krat\u0161\u00ed nohy i \u010denich. Podobn\u00e9 je to u zaj\u00edc\u016f \u010di li\u0161ek. Odli\u0161uj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 ve zbarven\u00ed srsti, u pol\u00e1rn\u00edch druh\u016f p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed odst\u00edny sv\u011btle \u0161ed\u00e9 a\u017e b\u00edl\u00e9, aby zv\u00ed\u0159ata l\u00e9pe spl\u00fdvala s\u00a0okoln\u00ed krajinou.Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ov\u0161em je, \u017ee toto pravidlo neplat\u00ed pro celkovou velikost zv\u00ed\u0159at. Dokonce v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b plat\u00ed prav\u00fd opak. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata stejn\u00e9ho druhu se sm\u011brem k\u00a0p\u00f3l\u016fm zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed! Op\u011bt to souvis\u00ed s\u00a0celkovou plochou t\u011bla. \u010c\u00edm je zv\u00ed\u0159e men\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm m\u00e1 relativn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plochu t\u011bla a tud\u00ed\u017e i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Skv\u011ble si toto pravidlo m\u016f\u017eete dok\u00e1zat na medv\u011bdech. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed medv\u011bd malajsk\u00fd, kter\u00fd \u017eije v\u00a0tropick\u00fdch oblastech, v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jen okolo 60 kg. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed medv\u011bdi jsou ji\u017e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kolem 300 kilogram\u016f. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed medv\u011bdy byste v\u0161ak na\u0161li na severu. Medv\u011bd ledn\u00ed i medv\u011bd kodiak dosahuj\u00ed v\u00e1hy a\u017e 800 kg!Pohodln\u00fd \u017eivot savc\u016f v\u00a0ledov\u00e9 vod\u011b!Ve velmi chladn\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00edch v\u00a0okol\u00ed obou p\u00f3l\u016f se vyskytuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada savc\u016f, kter\u00e1 se dok\u00e1zala t\u011bmto drsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m skv\u011ble p\u0159izp\u016fsobit. Trvale zde \u017eij\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1stupci kytovc\u016f a pak tak\u00e9 ploutvono\u017eci, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed tuleni, lachtani a mro\u017ei. V\u00a0ledov\u00e9 vod\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 by \u010dlov\u011bk vydr\u017eel p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt sotva p\u00e1r minut, oni dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt d\u00edky siln\u00e9 vrstv\u011b tuku. Ta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f a\u017e 30 centimetr\u016f siln\u00e1. Je to natolik dokonal\u00e1 ochrana, \u017ee by p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1maze u t\u011bchto ploutvono\u017ec\u016f mohlo dokonce doj\u00edt k\u00a0p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed! Jsou proto vybaveni c\u00e9vami, kter\u00e9 vedou a\u017e do podko\u017e\u00ed a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak jejich t\u011blo ochlazovat.Sp\u00e1t a sp\u00e1t a sp\u00e1t!N\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata p\u0159e\u010dkaj\u00ed nehostinn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky rad\u0161i ve sp\u00e1nku neboli hibernaci. U prav\u00e9ho zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku dok\u00e1\u017ee \u017eivo\u010dich utlumit sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed funkce, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota i tepov\u00e1 frekvence. Mezi n\u011b \u0159ad\u00edme nap\u0159\u00edklad netop\u00fdry, je\u017eky, sysli. Neprav\u00fd zimn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek maj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad medv\u011bdi, kte\u0159\u00ed sice ulehnou k\u00a0sp\u00e1nku, ale teplota jim klesne jen o p\u00e1r stup\u0148\u016f a b\u011bhem zimy se mohou kdykoliv snadno probudit. Ob\u010das toho vyu\u017eij\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy \u010di tekutin.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.3\/5 - (3 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak a kde p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zimu zv\u00ed\u0159ata?","item":"https:\/\/www.eldo-cl.cz\/jak-a-kde-prezivaji-zimu-zvirata\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]